Mathematicians
Mathematicians develop and apply mathematical theories and techniques to solve complex problems across science, engineering, finance, and other fields. They conduct original research in pure mathematics or work on practical applications, often in universities, government laboratories, tech companies, or research institutions.
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A day in the work
A mathematician's week typically includes developing proofs, analyzing data sets, and writing code to test hypotheses. Work involves consulting with colleagues, reviewing academic literature, presenting findings at team meetings, and refining mathematical models. Much time is spent in focused individual work at computers or with pen and paper, punctuated by collaborative problem-solving sessions.
Who this work suits
Holland code ICR. Investigative work is figuring things out: analysis, research, problem-solving. Aptly’s interest assessment scores you on the same six scales.
You'd be well-suited to this work if you naturally enjoy investigating abstract problems and organizing complex information systematically. Success comes to those who combine curiosity about how things work with a preference for precision, logic, and methodical verification of results.
What it takes
Preparation: Extensive preparation (graduate degree and/or many years of experience). Most people in this occupation hold doct.
Skills that matter most
Knowledge areas
Openings right now
- Physical Scientist/Mathematician · Department of Energy Headquarters · Germantown, Maryland · $169279–$197200
Openings are read from employers’ own career pages and public job boards and change daily. Search all openings (free account) to filter by distance, pay and how well you qualify.
Pay by state
| State | 25th pct | Median | 75th pct | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Washington | $112,900 | $162,280 | $194,120 | 100 |
| Virginia | $120,990 | $148,030 | $175,610 | 400 |
| Maryland | $95,490 | $131,810 | $167,000 | 160 |
| Illinois | $100,680 | $130,970 | $130,970 | 60 |
| New York | $89,380 | $126,950 | $167,650 | 150 |
| California | $101,230 | $126,710 | $156,480 | 250 |
| Rhode Island | $100,360 | $109,260 | $126,710 | 100 |
| Massachusetts | $81,510 | $104,190 | $104,600 | 40 |
| Nevada | $80,160 | $102,890 | $129,300 | 70 |
| Indiana | $80,470 | $88,050 | $119,560 | 40 |
| Colorado | $65,310 | $86,020 | $166,440 | 60 |
| Michigan | $65,510 | $65,510 | $87,010 | 90 |
Certifications people in this field hold
Training
Aptly members see WIOA-approved programs, colleges and certificates near them, with completion and earnings data, on every Path plan.
Job titles in this occupation
Related occupations
Four short assessments and your background, scored against mathematicians and 13,000 other careers — with the reasons. Free.
O*NET-SOC 15-2021.00 · O*NET OnLine. Pay: BLS OEWS May 2025, annual, U.S. Employment counts are national.